Cooling system for engines



Jul 29, 1958 c. B. LEACH 2;s45,o51

COOLING SYSTEM FOR ENGINES -Filed. June 3Q, 1954 I 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR ATTORNEY y 29, 1958 1 .C. B. LEAcH 2,845,051 Y COOLING SYSTEM FOR ENGINES Filed June 30, 1954 v 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR ATTORNEY July 29, 1958 c. B. LEACH $8 5 COQLING SYSTEM FOR ENGINES 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed June 30. 1954 5 c v v R a ..N mQLQ m M m 1!: w w Kw l. .H mmw fi l@@ r HM km k h. \N \N. awn-w w kwivm km \QN \x \M x United States Patent COOLING SYSTEM FOR ENGINES Clayton 15. Leach, Pontiac, Mich., assignor to General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich., a corporation of Delaware Application June so, 1954, Serial No. 440,345

8 Claims. (Cl. 123-4129 This invention relates to cooling systems for engines and has particular relation to cooling systems especially applicable for high speed, spark-ignited internal combustion engines for automotive and other purposes.

It is proposed to provide a cooling system for engines in which a relatively large amount of cooling liquid is supplied to the hottest parts of the engine head means, thereafter being exhausted directly from said head means and supplied to the engine radiator before being returned. Cooling liquid also is exhausted through restricted passages between the head means and the cylinder block means. From the engine block means the cooling liquid is returned to the engine head means without passing through the radiator for the engine. The system may employ a cooling liquid circulating pump which is especially designed to circulate cooling liquid at a high velocity throughout the system. To accomplish such result the pump may be provided with a concentric discharge chamber and tangential outlet passage means leading from the discharge chamber. The pump also may have an impeller the vanes of which slope in directly opposed relation to the slope of the tangential outlet passage means. The pump may be provided with inlet passage means adapted to be connected to cooling liquid cavity means formed in the cylinder block means.

Such a cooling system will supply directly to the radiator of the engine a large part of the cooling liquid employed in cooling the engine head means and will recirculate the remaining part of the liquid through the cavities in the engine block, the pump means and the head means.

In the drawing:

Figure 1 illustrates a side elevational view of an engine having a cooling system embracing the principles of the invention.

Figure 2 is a front end view of the engine disclosed by Figure 1 with parts of the structure broken away and shown in cross section to better illustrate the cooling system of the engine.

Figure 3 is a perspective view of a cooling liquid supply conduit employed in the engine disclosed by Figures 1 and 2.

Figure 4 is a longitudinal sectional view through a cylinder head employed in the engine disclosed by Figures 1 and 2. Figure 4 is taken substantially in the planes of lines 44 on Figure 5.

Figures 5 and 6 are cross-sectional views of the engine head disclosed by Figure 4. Figures 5 and 6 are taken substantially in the planes of lines 5-5 and 66 respectively on Figure 4.

The engine 10 embracing the invention has an engine block 11 in which obliquely disposed banks or rows 12 and 13 of cylinders 14 are formed. The cylinders 14 are adapted to receive reciprocating pistons 16 secured by connecting rods to the crankshaft 17 which is rotatably mounted Within the crankcase for the engine. The cylinder banks 12 and 13 have heads 18 and 19 respectively secured thereto in any suitable manner as by head 2,845,051 Patented July 29, 1958 ire bolts 21. The engine 10 is a valve-in-head engine in which exhaust valves 22 and inlet valves 23 are employed for each of the cylinders 14 of the engine. Exhaust valves 22 are adapted to close exhaust ports leading to the combustion chambers 24 of the engine and communicating with exhaust passages 26 formed in the heads 18 and 19 and extending transversely across the heads from each of the cylinders 14 of the engine. Inlet valves 13 also close inlet ports communicating with the combustion chambers 24 and with inlet passages 27 formed in the heads 18 and 19 and extending transversely across the heads from each cylinder 14 of the engine. In the present instance the inlet passages 27 extend in wardly and the exhaust passages 26 extend outwardly of the heads 18 and 19. In the cross-sectional view illustrated by Figure 5 one or more of the exhaust passages 26 may extend inwardly of the heads 18 and 19 for the purpose of supplying exhaust gas for heating the inlet manifold for the engine. The heads 18 and 19 are formed around the inlet and exhaust passages 27 and 26 and the inlet and exhaust valves 23 and 22 respectively to provide cooling liquid cavities indicated at 28. The blocks 12 and 13 also are formed around the cylinders 14 to provide cooling liquid cavities indicated at 29. The cavities 28 and 29 are adapted to communicate with one another through restricted passages 31 which are formed in the adjacent Walls of the heads 18 and 19 and the blocks 12 and 13.

The cavities 28 in the heads 18 and 19 are adapted to be supplied with cooling liquid through one or the other of aligned openings 32 formed in the opposite end walls of the heads 18 and 19. The heads 18 and 19 are iden tical heads and may therefore be applied to the blocks 12 and 13 in reverse relation. In the structure disclosed by Figure 4 the head 18 is supplied with cooling liquid from the opening 33 at the front of the head and through a cooling liquid supply conduit 34. One of the conduits 34 is provided for each of the heads 18 and '19. The conduits 34 may be projected into the heads 18 and 19 above the inlet and exhaust passages 27 and 26 therein and may have enlarged outer ends 36 which may be pressfitted into the openings 33 to secure the conduits in the heads and between and in alignment with the openings 32 and 33. The inner ends of the conduits 34 may be substantially closed by caps 37 which may be pressfitted into the openings 32 in such manner as to abut the open ends of the conduits 34, thereby securing the conduits in the heads and adjacent the upper walls of the heads. In order to distribute the cooling liquid throughout the heads 18 and 19 in such manner that the cooling' liquid will always be supplied to the most highly heated wall surfaces of the heads it is proposed to provide a plurality of spaced outlet passages or jets 38 within the conduits 34 and in such position as to direct the cooling liquid supplied by the conduits 34 downwardly and on opposite sides of each of the inlet and exhaust passages 27 and 26 which extend across the heads 18 and 19. The jets 38 and the conduits 34 also are so located transversely of the heads 18 and 19 as to be directly above the inlet and exhaust ports for the valves 23 and 22 for each cylinder of the engine. With such construction it will be apparent that the cooling liquid supplied by the jets 38 will be directed downwardly between the inlet and exhaust passages 27 and 26' and at the walls of the heads forming the combustion chambers 24 and on opposite sides of each of the ports for the valves 23 and 22. The cooling liquid so directed at the opposite sides of the valve ports also will be circulated around the valve ports and across the adjacent inner ends of the inlet and exhaust passages 27 and 26. The conduits 34 also have smaller and more restricted passages or jets formed therein which are directly above the inner ends of the exhaust passages 28 and at one side of and directly adjacent the innermost and most highly heated ends of the valve guide supports 41 for the exhaust valves 22 for each cylinder of the engine. It is considered that the valve guide supports 41 should be supplied with the coolest cooling liquid available in the sys-' terns for the reason that the supports 41 support the valve guides 42 for the exhaust valves 22 in close proximity to the exhaust ports and directly in the path of the exhaust gas flowing from each of the ports and into the passages 26. It is considered not to be necessary to provide openings for jets such as the jets 39 for discharging cooling liquid upon the inner ends of the supports 43 for the guides 44 for the inlet valves 23. The inner ends of the guides 44 are not directly subjected to the heat of the exhaust gas discharged from the cylinders of the engine.

Cooling liquid is supplied to the conduits 34 in the heads 18 and 19 of the engine by outlet passages 46 and 47 leading from a cooling liquid circulating pump 48 secured to the front of the engine between the cylinder blocks 12 and 13. The outlet passages 46 and 47 are connected by hose couplings 49 to angular couplings 51 having flanged ends 52 secured to the heads 18 and 19 by bolts 53. The pump 48 has a pump casing 54 which may if desired be formed integrally with the upper part of a timing chain cover 56, the entire structure being secured to the front of the engine by bolts 57. The pump casing 54 has a cover 58 adapted to be secured thereto by bolts 59. The cover 58 contains the pump seal and the bearing for the pump shaft 61 for supporting the pump impeller 62 on the inner extremity thereof. The outer extremity of the pump shaft 61 beyond the seal and bearing therefor supports the hub of a fan 63 for cooling the radiator 64 for the engine 10. The hub of the fan 63 also supports a pulley 66 by which the pump impeller and fan are driven by the crankshaft 17 of the engine through a pulley 67 and belt 68. The irnpeller 62 has vanes 69 formed on the rearward side thereof which impel cooling liquid from the pump inlet 71 outwardly by centrifugal force and into a concentrically disposed cooling liquid discharge or collecting chamber 72 formed in the casing 54 around the outer periphery of the impeller 62. The pump outlet passages 46 and 47 are connected to the collecting or discharge chamber 62 in diametrically opposed relation to one another and in tangential relation to the collecting chamber 72. The vanes 69 on the impeller 62 are obliquely disposed with respect to radii of the impeller and in opposite annular relation to the angular positions of the tangentially disposed outlet passages 46 and 47. The impeller 62 should rotate so that the inner ends lead the outer ends of the vanes 69. The pump inlet 71 is connected to an inlet chamber 73 that extends across the back of the casing 54 between the blocks 12 and 13. Each end of the pump inlet chamber 73 communicates with one of the cooling liquid cavities 29 the blocks 12 and -13 through relatively small and restricted openings 74 and 76 formed in the casing 54 and the front walls of the cylinder blocks 12 and 13 respectively.

It will be apparent that when the engine is operating to drive the impeller 62 there will be a limited circulation of cooling liquid from the heads 18 and 19, downwardly through the restricted passages 31, intothe cooling liquid cavities 29 in the blocks '12 and 13, outwardly into the intake chamber 73 through the restricted passages 74 and 76, through the pump inlet 71, through the impeller 62 to the pump discharge chamber 72, around the discharge chamber with the impeller 62, outwardly through the tangentially disposed outlet passages 46 and 47, through the couplings 49 and 51, and into the heads 18 and '19 through the cooling liquid supply conduits 34. It will be observed that this circulation of cooling liquid from the heads to the blocks to the heads will be without passing through the engine radiator 64.

The principal circulation of cooling liquid through the engine is from the lower part of the radiator 64, through hose coupling 77 and into a relatively large inlet passage 78 at one end of the inlet chamber 73. The cooling liquid so supplied to the pump 48 through the inlet passage 78 will exceed the liquid supplied to the pump through the restricted passages 74 and 76. This large supply of cooling liquid from the bottom of the radiator 74 will be circulated radially outwardly by the impeller 62, into the pump discharge chamber 72, around the pump discharge chamber with the impeller 62, tangentially outwardly through the outlet passages 46 and 47 and into the supply conduits 34 through the couplings 49 and 51. The liquid so supplied to the conduits 34 from the lower part of the radiator 64 and the limited amount of liquid supplied by the inlet passages 74 and 76 will be discharged downwardly at relatively high velocity through the outlet passages or jets 38 between the intake and exhaust passages 27 and 26 and through the smaller outlet passages or jets 30 adjacent the inner ends of the exhaust passages 26. The cooling liquid so supplied to the cooling liquid cavities 28 in the heads 18 and 19 will be quickly exhausted from the heads through outlet passages 81 at the front ends of the heads, except for the small quantity of relatively warm liquid that is supplied to the cooling liquid cavities 29 in the blocks 12 and 13 through the passages 31. From the outlet passages 81 the liquid may be collected by a water manifold 82 extending between the heads 18 and 19 and from which the liquid is discharged through a coupling 83 at the middle of the manifold and a hose coupling 84 to the upper part of the engine radiator 64.

It will be apparent that the vanes 69 on the impeller 62 will tend to dig into the cooling liquid supplied by the pump inlet 71, will tend to rotate the cooling liquid in the concentrically disposed discharge chamber 72 surrounding the impeller, will tend to flow outwardly to the same extent through the tangentially disposed outlet passages 46 and 47 and into the engine heads 18 and 19 through the supply conduits 34. The .jets 38 and 39 will discharge the liquid at high velocity upon the highly heated parts of the engine head adjacent the ports for the exhaust valves 22 and from which most of the liquid in the heads will flow outwardly to the top of the engine radiator through the unrestricted outlet passages 81, the manifold 82 and hose coupling 84. A limited quantity of the warm liquid in the engine heads will be supplied to the cooling cavities 29 and the blocks 12 and 13 where later this liquid will again flow to the engine heads through the restricted inlet openings 74 and 76.

It will be further apparent that only cooling liquid which has first been warmed in the engine heads is supplied to the cylinder block. This greatly reduces the condensation of liquid on the cylinder walls during the engine warm up period and tends to present the sludging of engine oil.

In the claims:

1. A cooling system for engines comprising an engine head having a cooling liquid jacket with a plurality of inlet and exhaust passages formed'therein, a cooling liquid inlet conduit formed throughout the length of said head and across said intake and exhaust passages, means for supplying cooling liquid to said conduit, jet outlet means formed throughout the length of said conduit for discharging said cooling liquid from said conduit, said jet outlet means being disposed in pairs of outlet means along the length of said conduit, there being one of said jet outlet means on each side of each of said inlet and said exhaust passages, said jet outlet means also being disposed between certain of said pairs to provide jet outlet means in directly opposed relation to each of said exhaust passages.

2. An internal combustion engine comprising an engine head having a cooling liquid cavity formed therein and having inlet and exhaust passages extending transversely across said cavity throughout the length thereof,

and a cooling liquid conduit extending throughout the length of said head and across said passages and having outlet opening means formed therein on opposite sides of each of said passages and in directly opposed relation to said exhaust passages.

3. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder block having a cooling liquid chamber formed therein, an engine head for said block for closing the outer ends of the cylinders in said block and having a cooling liquid chamber formed therein, a cooling radiator for said engine, a cooling liquid pump for said engine and having a pump inlet and a pump outlet, means for connecting said pump outlet directly to said cooling liquid chamber in said head for supplying cooling liquid to said head, a cooling liquid outlet connected to said head for exhausting said cooling liquid from said chamber in said head, said cooling liquid outlet being adapted to be connected to said pump inlet through said cooling liquid radiator, restricted cooling liquid outlet passage means extending between said chamber in said head and said chamber in said block, and restricted outlet means formed in said block and connecting said chamber in said block with said pump inlet, whereby said cooling liquid passes only from said head to said block.

4. An engine cooling system comprising an engine head having a cooling liquid cavity therein and inlet and exhaust passages extending thereacross, said head having a pair of aligned openings formed in opposite walls thereof, a cooling liquid inlet conduit extending within said chamher and across said inlet and exhaust passages and between said openings, one end of said conduit being secured in one of said openings for supplying said cooling liquid to said chamber in said head, closure means closing the other of said openings in said head and obstructing the adjacent end of said conduit preventing any substantial flow of said liquid from said adjacent end, and outlet means formed along the length of said conduit on opposite sides of each of said passages and in directly opposed relation to said exhaust passages and positioned to discharge said cooling liquid from said conduit and adjacent said inlet and exhaust passages.

5. A cooling system for engines having a cylinder block and a head for said block and cooling liquid cavities formed in said head and said block, a cooling liquid radiating means for said engine, a cooling liquid pump for said engine and secured to said block and having an inlet communicating with an opening leading to said cavity in said block, passage means providing restricted communication between said cavities in said head and said block, whereby said cooling fluid passes only from said head to said block, an outlet for said pump adapted to be connected to said head for supplying cooling liquid directly to said cavity in said head, outlet means for said head for exhausting cooling liquid from said head and for supplying said cooling liquid to said cooling liquid radiating means, and means for connecting said pump inlet to said radiating means for circulating said cooling liquid through said radiating means and for supplying said cooling liquid to said pump.

6. A cooling liquid circulating system for engines having a plurality of cylinder blocks with a head for each block, each of said blocks and heads having communicating cooling liquid cavities therein, a cooling liquid circulating pump for said system and having a casing and a rotatable impeller, said casing being formed to provide an impeller chamber for said impeller and a concentric annular outlet chamber communicating with said impeller chamber and extending around said impeller chamber throughout the peripheral extent of said impeller chamber, said casing also being formed to provide a plurality of tangentially disposed outlet passage means communicating with said outlet chamber at equal intervals through- .out the peripheral extent of said outlet chamber and disposed in the same tangential relation to said outlet chamber, a plurality of obliquely disposed vanes formed on said impeller, said vanes and said outlet passage means being disposed in opposite angular relation to the radii of said impeller, and means connecting each of said outlet passage means to one of said communicating cooling liquid cavities in said blocks and heads.

7. A cooling system for engines comprising an engine head having a cooling liquid jacket with a plurality of inlet and exhaust passages formed therein, a cooling liquid inlet conduit formed throughout the length of said head and across said intake and exhaust passages, means for supplying cooling liquid to said conduit, jet outlet means formed throughout the length of said conduit for discharging said cooling liquid from said conduit, said jet outlet means being disposed in pairs of outlet means along the length of said conduit, there being one of said jet outlet means on each side of each of said inlet and said exhaust passages, said jet outlet means also being disposed between said pairs to provide jet outlet means in directly opposed relation to each of said exhaust passages, said jet outlet means being disposed above said inlet and exhaust passages. I

8. An internal combustion engine comprising an engine head having a cooling liquid cavity formed therein and having inlet and exhaust passages extending transversely across said cacvity throughout the length thereof, and a cooling liquid conduit extending throughout the length of said head and across said passages and having outlet opening means formed therein between each of said passages and in directly opposed relation to said exhaust passages, all of said outlet opening means being disposed above said inlet and exhaust passages.

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